Language Barrier in Education and Social Life

Introduction Immigration causes differences in language and lifestyle. Language barriers refer to challenges experienced when one tries to communicate with an individual or people who speak a different language. This phenomenon is common in areas where there is a conglomeration of people from diverse backgrounds like culture and nationality. The term is also used to refer to problems encountered by immigrants when learning a foreign language (Kim Mattila, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Language Barrier in Education and Social Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to these challenges, there have been efforts to eliminate or reduce the impact of these differences especially in international learning institutions. Differences in language cause difficulties in education and even social life and can be solved in many ways to become less problematic. Consequently, immigrants should be aware of lan guage differences before moving, and this problem can be solved in a short period of time. Language differences cause a major barrier in communication. Under normal circumstances, communication can only take place if there is a common language to be used as a link between the communicating parties. It is quite common among immigrants, who find themselves in a foreign country, which uses a different language from his or her home language (Kim Mattila, 2011). Because of this barrier, affected immigrants are prone to misunderstanding, since the information passed across cannot be accurately interpreted. What are some of these language differences? As an element of cultural identity, human language is diverse and unique. For instance, English speakers are likely to encounter communication problems when interacting with Frenchmen because of the disjoint nature of the languages being used. Besides language uniqueness, the difference in accent affects the attainment of effective communica tion. It is not surprising that some English-speaking students find the American accent to be a barrier to effective communication (Kim Mattila, 2011). This problem arises from the fact that British English is more preferred by most international students and other immigrants. While this is the case, there are distinctive features, which define language accent. These include pronunciations, stress and intonations. For the case of these immigrants, the problem of accent is usually complicated because of the diverse nature of the American culture. This is to mean that people from certain regions within the country may not understand one another, and the problem worsens when a third party from a different country is included (Green, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another language difference that acts as a communication barrier is the presence of phrases a nd idioms. In the case of American English, communication involves the usage of an array of phrases and idioms, which carry meanings that are different from the literal meaning of the root words used (Green, 2009). This can be a major communication problem, especially when immigrants do not have exposure to the phrases and idioms, which are commonly used. Many would get confused and misunderstood because of these distinctive differences. Language structure also creates differences among world languages, thus affecting immigrants. A good example is the universally recognized sentence structure of subject-verb-object in English (Green, 2009). This broadly differs from Japanese sentence structure, subject-object-verb. Additionally, some international languages contain suffixes, which cannot be converted into another language, say English. As a result, immigrants from such language backgrounds are likely to experience communication difficulties. Other factors include but not limited to culture, slang and language style. However, these barriers shouldn’t be problems when adapting new environments. This can be realized through familiarization of another country’s language before immigrating (Cronjà ©, 2009). Language differences shouldn’t be a barrier in education because of the essence of learning, language is one of the things people learn. As an immigrant, it is important to have the willingness to learn new culture, which includes language, behavior and even lifestyle. While one may decide not to conform to a new country’s behavior, it is never optional to learn a new language in a foreign country (Cronjà ©, 2009). In fact, it is believed that the process of learning a new language ought to be considered as an adaptive approach in overcoming a wide range of barriers encountered by immigrants. For one to be comfortable with learning a new language, it is essential to understand the pronunciation. As mentioned before, people from diff erent countries pronounce words differently. It is therefore, crucial for foreign students to identify difficult sounds for daily practice until confidence is gained. Additionally, learning preference should be given to words that are commonly used together with short phrases. For this to be successful, the learner needs to have an educated speaker who can help in correcting pronunciation mistakes (Cronjà ©, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Language Barrier in Education and Social Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides pronunciation, immigrants need to understand rhythm, intonation and stress, commonly used by native speakers of the foreign language. The simplest way of learning these elements is through imitation of native people that are educated. One can listen to some statements repetitively using audio and video tools (Cronjà ©, 2009). This can be followed by trying to say the same p hrases using a recording machine. In order for this to work, one has to repeat the process severally with an educated speaker for corrections. Skills gained from pronunciation lessons are essential in eliminating chances of misunderstandings during communication. Another way of learning a foreign language with ease is through borrowing or purchasing relevant materials, which are used by language learners. These may include but not limited to dictionaries, audio textbooks and translation dictionaries (Sherry, Thomas Wing, 2010). These tools help in minimizing language differences and communication barriers within a short period of time. Although language differences could be a communication barrier, there are several methods of communication, which have been developed to overcome these challenges. In other words, there are numerous ways of conversing smoothly without acquiring foreign language proficiency (Sherry, Thomas Wing, 2010). For instance, it is possible to pass across info rmation through written communication, which is a common method applied when dealing with figures and facts. Additionally, this method of communication is the most preferred when making presentations. Although it may have limitations to a person learning a new language, it is easy to keep record and make corrections where necessary. Another commonly used method of communication today by language learners is nonverbal communication. This does not make use of oral communication skills and one may find it relevant, especially when he or she is still new in a foreign country. Nonverbal communication is also referred to as body language. It encompasses an array of elements, including gestures, actions and facial expressions (Smitherman, 2003). With this approach, it is possible to communicate without necessarily speaking. In cases where both oral and nonverbal communication is used, harmony is essential to avoid misunderstanding and confusion. Nonetheless, variation and understanding of the sign language may pose a challenge, especially when the other party is new to it.Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although some people view language differences lightly, it is regarded as a major communication issue. This is based on the fact that poor communication has a wide range of negative effects, which are experienced in schools, health centers and in other settings (Smitherman, 2003). The most detrimental effect of language barriers is misunderstandings, arising from communication gaps. Misunderstandings emanate from several instances, including, the use of slang or jargons, which are not universally recognized. Additionally, misunderstandings may arise from variation in accents due to diverse backgrounds and culture. It is doubtless that most conflicts in schools, families and even offices arise from misunderstandings. In essence, misunderstandings can breed frustrations and stress when a person is new in a foreign country. In some cases, these misunderstandings have been closely linked to emerging cases of stress among foreign students (Smitherman, 2003). One may feel out of place whe n he or she can neither get what is being communicated nor share ideas effectively. As a result of stress and disconnection from the surrounding immigrants, they may opt to be alone by excluding themselves from joint activities like playing and academic group discussions. Language barriers are also a major problem in written communication. Foreign students who do not understand the native language used in learning institutions find hardships in understanding lecture notes and other study materials (Roush, 2008). This is also experienced in written exams where students may have a correct idea, expressed wrongly due to ineffective communication. In extreme cases of such misunderstandings in written communications, students may end up failing their exams or scoring low grades. The negative impact of language barriers can also be experienced in the corporate world. Oftentimes, immigrants looking for employment in foreign countries fail interview tests because of language barriers. Due t o communication gaps, employers might not see the value in a foreign applicant. This may emanate from language mistakes or wrong answering of questions caused by poor understanding of the language being used (Roush, 2008). Foreign students seeking admissions in learning institutions may also be less considered because of their ineffective communication skills. Language barriers may also trigger cultural conflicts. For instance, different cultures have different ways of greeting each other or expressing gratitude. Based on such variations, it is possible for miscommunications to arise when certain things are not done the way they have been done before in one’s home country (Sherry, Thomas Wing, 2010). This is therefore, a major challenge, which immigrants need to beware of before going to study or work a foreign country. As globalization takes center stage and countries get smaller every day, there are new ways of communication that are being adopted. One of these approaches is language. The role played by any language, whether local or international is always immeasurable (Green, 2009). As discussed above, the purpose of a language gets undermined when there are differences, which breed communication barriers. These barriers are common in settings, which have immigrants, who do not understand the native language of the foreign country. In fact, it is believed that poor communication stems from a plethora of issues, language barrier being one of them. It is highly advisable for immigrants to beware of language differences before moving, and this problem can be solved in a short period of time. References Cronjà ©, J. C. (2009). Qualitative assessment across language barriers: An action research study. Journal of Educational Technology Society, 12 (2), 69-85. Green, D. A. (2009). New academics’ perceptions of the language of teaching and learning: identifying and overcoming linguistic barriers. International Journal for Academic Development, 14 (1), 33-45. Kim, E. Mattila, A. (2011).The Impact of Language Barrier Cultural Differences on Restaurant Experiences: A Grounded Theory Approach. University of Massachusetts Amherst. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=1175context=gradconf_hospitality Roush, V. (2008). A Rational Approach to Race Relations: A Guide to Talking Straight about Contemporary Race Issues. Indiana: iUniverse. Sherry, M., Thomas, P., Wing, C. (2010). International students: a vulnerable student population. Higher Education, 60 (1), 33-46. Smitherman, G. (2003). Talking that Talk: Language, Culture and Education in African America. London: Routledge. This research paper on Language Barrier in Education and Social Life was written and submitted by user Madison C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Vaping Epidemic in Today’s Youth Professor Ramos Blog

Vaping Epidemic in Today’s Youth In today’s society, a huge problem is on the rise and if not stopped could lead to many problems. Children as young as 12 are being exposed to e-cigarettes. They’re drawn in from the good tasting flavors and cool smoke tricks. Since the creation of the vape in 2007, the products have become evolutionized and are very accessible. Studies have found that 1 in every 4 high schoolers use e-cigarettes. A product that was created to fix the problem of adults smoking cigarettes has created an even larger epidemic that has very bad consequences. As reported by the California Tobacco Control Program, â€Å"The tobacco industry is hooking the next generation of addicts, and flavors are a big way in† (Learn about the Social and Health Effects of Vaping). The e-liquid in vape products usually contains propylene glycol or vegetable glycerin-based liquid with nicotine, flavoring and other chemicals and metals, but not tobacco. In the article, Kids Who Vape Face Toxin Dangers, Study Finds, Rubinstein says, One of the reasons why more teens are using these products is they feel that they are safe and/or safer than smoking† (Thompson). So, children are thinking it’s non harmful and it sure doesn’t taste like it is either; which is luring kids into thinking it’s fun and has no consequences.   This new invention, made to eliminate a problem in adults, has now caused an addiction in children who statistically would have never smoked a cigarette or come into contact with nicotine. When comparing studies and statistics from forty years ago to current research, it is obvious just how prevalent the use of these new vape products really is in today’s youth. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, â€Å"Forty years ago, nearly 29 percent of high school seniors reported smoking cigarettes daily†¦ By 2018, less than 1 in 25 high schoolers smokes daily† (Campbell). As stated by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention a decline has begun â€Å"with 4.3 percent fewer middle schoolers and 15.8 percent fewer high schoolers admitting to smoking cigarettes between 2011 and 2018† (Campbell). It is obvious that this decline is only caused by the increase in use of vape products. Vaping is much easier to access, hide from others, and smoke compared to cigarettes; so it makes that the statistics have gone down for cigarette smoking in today’s youth. Dr Richard Miech, at the Institute for Social Research at the Unive rsity of Michigan, he found â€Å"Of the students who had ever used a vaporiser in their life, 65–66% in each grade reported vaping ‘just flavouring’ at last use† (Miech). The same organization released information from current time and â€Å"In 2018, 4.9 percent of middle schoolers reported using electronic cigarettes, and 20.8 percent of high schoolers reported the same† (Campbell). Statistics have also shown that between the year 2017 to 2018, †E-cig usage by high school students increased 78%† (Learn about the Social and Health Effects of Vaping). In 2018, 1 in 4 high school students have used a nicotine vape at least once. Shockingly, kids report vaping as young as 12 years old and continue all throughout middle and high school. So, are these new electronic cigarettes a solution to help adults quit smoking or is it a gateway into an entire other problem in teens developing nicotine addictions that come with dangerous consequences? Although, most adults and children believe that vaping has no effects on your health. Vape products use aerosol, specified as a â€Å"fine spray†, which â€Å"actually consists of fine particles containing toxic chemicals, many of which have been linked to cancer, as well as respiratory and heart diseases† (Campbell). It is scientifically proven that once your body is addicted to nicotine and you take a break or try to stop, nicotine withdrawals begin. These effects include: mood swings and feeling depressed. Some research has also shown that nicotine may cause negative effects to your arteries, but mostly your heart and lungs. It is also proven to affect the development of children’s brains, specifically memory and attention. Although vapes don’t contai n as many chemicals or the same chemicals as a real cigarette, â€Å"Some brands contain chemicals including formaldehyde often used in building materials and another ingredient used in antifreeze that can cause cancer† (Wheeler). The flavoring in e-cigs has also â€Å"raise red flags. Some use a buttery-tasting chemical called diacetyl, which is often added to foods like popcorn. When its inhaled, it can be dangerous† (Wheeler). The large percentage of children in today’s world who are continuing to vape and develop nicotine addictions from these products will end up paying for their actions when they experience these terrible health effects. No one is talking about how popular this problem really is and how many children are going to be affected by the harsh chemicals being used to create the tasty flavored e-cigarettes. Yes, most of the dangerous chemicals we know that are in cigarettes are mostly inhaled through the burning smoke that contains them. And we also know â€Å"E-cigs dont burn, so people arent as exposed to those toxins. A 2015 expert review from Public Health England estimated e-cigs are 95% less harmful than the real thing†( Wheeler). But, regardless of how much better vapes are compared to cigarettes, insanely large amounts of children who would’ve never smoked cigarettes to begin with are becoming addicted to nicotine that will have present and future consequences. Currently the FDA is working on the problem and has begun trying to bring the problem to attention and hopefully find a way to decrease the numbers of vaping in youth. According to the article, Regulation of E-Cigarettes in the United States and Its Role in a Youth Epidemic, â€Å"FDA submitted letters to the ï ¬ ve companies that supply more than 95% of the U.S. ENDS [e-cigarette] market, asking them to each provide a plan to the agency detailing how they will â€Å"address the widespread youth access and use of their products† (Gottlieb). If the responses were inadequate, the FDA indicated that it might revisit its policy of allowing these products into the market. Gottlieb claimed that â€Å"Shortly after the FDA letters were sent, Altria, maker of the MarkTen e-cigarette product line, announced that it would stop selling most ï ¬â€šavored ENDS entirely. It was only two months after that announcement, however, that it purchased its $12 billion stake in Juul Lab† (Gottlieb). Even the FDA tried making a difference in the epidemic that is very prevalent amongst children in America and no change was made by the companies producing the products. In order to create a decrease in statistics, people of all ages need to make an effort to talk about the problem and start the conversation about the negative effects. The companies making the electronic cigarettes also need to make announcements, disclosing the dangers of their products and make it known that it is not for use by children and can cause problems in child users. If people keep brushing the debate of whether vaping is dangerous for children, it is going to be too late for today’s youth. We must start talking about the problem and not stop until a change is made and more people are worried about children becoming addicted to nicotine. This epidemic is being looked over and it is not okay. Campbell, Leah. â€Å"Juuling, Vaping and Nicotine Addiction.† Healthline, Healthline Media, 2 Aug. 2019, healthline.com/health-news/juuling-the-new-vaping-trend-thats-twice-as-addictive-as-cigarettes#1. Accessed on 6 August 2019. Gottlieb, Mark A. Regulation of E-cigarettes in the United States and its role in a youth epidemic. Children 6.3 (2019): 40. Accessed on 6 August 2019. â€Å"Learn about the Social and Health Effects of Vaping.† California Tobacco Control Program English, flavorshookkids.org/?msclkid=ba38ab0158cf139d1cc8f64b68f29b3a#know-the-signs. Accessed on 6 August 2019. Miech, Richard, et al. What are kids vaping? Results from a national survey of US adolescents. Tobacco control 26.4 (2017): 386-391. Accessed on 6 August 2019. Thompson, Dennis. â€Å"Kids Who Vape Face Toxin Dangers, Study Finds.† WebMD, WebMD, 5 Mar. 2018, webmd.com/smoking-cessation/news/20180305/kids-who-vape-face-toxin-dangers-study-finds#1. Accessed on 6 August 2019. Wheeler, Regina Boyle. â€Å"Is Vaping Bad For You? Health Risks Safety Compared to Smoking.† WebMD, WebMD, webmd.com/smoking-cessation/features/vape-debate-electronic-cigarettes#1. Accessed on 6 August 2019.

Business P6 UNIT 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business P6 UNIT 12 - Essay Example These types of online marketing operate in a twenty-four-hour time frame, where the target client is, conveniently, placed to get the advertisement (Sheehan, 2010). Online marketing has potential benefits, both to the target client and the advertising company. One of the significant benefits is convenience, where a company is open for business on the world platform with little expenses. It is also convenient to clients in that a person can browse the online stores at any time, and place their orders at a convenient time. Online marketing is also, cost, effective than the usual physical retail. A business entity does not have to incur expenses felt on property rental on retail outlets. Internet marketing enables one to build a personal profile of the client, where client follow up is possible, and the cost is effective. There personalized offers to meet client needs, and invite them to make product reviews, hence retaining them as regular customers (Sheehan, 2010). Another major benefit is accessibility, especially to people who are disabled. Sheehan (2010) observes that physical barriers for accessing products do not exist anymore because the internet can be accessed from various electronic devices that are potable and convenient, even to the disabled. In addition, there are potential benefits to an online organization, making it easy to manage its operation. It is also cost effective, in that one does not have to incur rental property for operation. Furthermore, many businesses are opting to do marketing online, meaning that there is a huge potential for

The Financial and Economic Environment of a US website business Essay

The Financial and Economic Environment of a US website business targeting South African students - Essay Example The services provided are universities/colleges details with their respective courses, course details, and online resources, career counseling through emails, telephone and online-conferencing, and student visa assistance. Price: The price charged from the students is based on the type of membership. There are two types of membership- Basic and Premium. The services for the Premium members are in addition to the services which Basic members will avail. The membership fee is US$30 for Basic members and US$50 for Premium members on annual basis. Place: The customer will be able to subscribe and pay online. According to the membership, the customer will be provided with a login id and password from which it can access the services offered to him/her. Promotion: As this is an online service, the target group of customers can be reached out through advertising in career magazines, local newspapers, online via social networking sites, and promotional campaigns setup in the schools and coll eges campus. Financial & Economic Environment South Africa has a well-developed financial and legal environment with its stock exchange the world’s 18th largest exchange, ranked 17th with market value $1.013 trillion in 2010. It is one the most advanced developing countries on African continent. It is a middle-income economy with abundant natural resources. The country’s former fiscal policy was conservative mainly focused on controlling inflation and reducing budget deficit. The policies still exist but the recent global recession has put pressure to provide with the basic services to poorer sections and provide for employment guarantees. The unemployment stands at 25% which is high as compared to other economies such as US and UK which are at 107... The paper tells that South Africa has a well-developed financial and legal environment with its stock exchange the world’s 18th largest exchange, ranked 17th with market value $1.013 trillion in 2010. It is one the most advanced developing countries on African continent. It is a middle-income economy with abundant natural resources. The country’s former fiscal policy was conservative mainly focused on controlling inflation and reducing budget deficit. The policies still exist but the recent global recession has put pressure to provide with the basic services to poorer sections and provide for employment guarantees. The unemployment stands at 25% which is high as compared to other economies such as US and UK which are at 107 and 87 respectively. In 2000 population below poverty lines was 50%. South Africa is ranked 30th in terms of Foreign Direct investment at home. South Africa’s main trading partners include China, Germany US, Japan and UK. The country was the h ost for 2010 FIFA World Cup which boosted its business revenues and infrastructure. USA is the market-oriented economy with the most advanced technology. In many previous years the country has been the net importer of the goods and services being the number 1 importer in the world and ranked 4th in exports. Its population below poverty line stands at 15.1% and unemployment rate at 9.6% in 2010. The country is also the largest consumer of oil. The US and South Africa signed a $120 million investment fund protocol under OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corporation) in 1996 for equity investments in South Africa.

Improve skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Improve skills - Essay Example Finally, three different ways of attaining the above skills has been presented in the project for each of the skills. Improvement Area 1 Diversity As per the survey designed to evaluate skills, diversity was the most important aspect which requires to be improved. It is realized that it is most important to inculcate diversity in the personality in order to flexibly manage the influence of external changes on the personality. The most effective way of improving on the above skill would be to adopt new ways of thinking for a particular issue. This could be possible by inculcating the best ways in which people act in various situations. The best way would be to take account of the different challenges, diverse strengths, and interests in a particular situation and resolve the same in the most effective way. This would be effective in developing a personality which would be suited for handling a wide variety of situations. The diverse nature of personality would be able to efficiently h andle different challenges and hurdles in different situations (Kinicki, 2009). Another way of acquiring diversity skills would be to work in such groups which comprises of members who are different in characteristics and nature. This would allow the adoption of a wide range of knowledge and skills which would further stimulate divergent thinking. It would help in learning to manage conflicts, handle negative emotions and enhance effective communications (Kruglanski & Higgins, 2004, p.168). Mentoring would be another possible way of enhancing diverse and developing diverse skills. Paring of a junior employee with a senior one helps to create learning and promotional opportunities for people. This could also include pairing individuals from different cultural backgrounds, races, gender, etc. This method helps to remove stereotypical behaviors, beliefs and attitudes among individuals and broaden their knowledge base (Williams, 2008, p.461). Improvement Area 2 Attitudes The development of positive attitudes was realized as one of the most important requisites of being management professionals as they play to success in many cases. First of all a person needs to know which attributes are unique to him only. It is crucial to develop and enhance that skill as it adds to the motivation for mastering the knowledge which is required to reach the goals. It is important to actively undertake responsibilities, honestly pursue them and on successful completion of the task, accept compliments from oneself (White, 2005, p.4). A person could try and overcome shortcomings in his personality. This would include developing skills in areas where the person lacks confidence and gain expertise in that field. The growth of knowledge and skills in a domain in which a person lacks expertise helps develop self confidence and develops positive attitudes in the individual (Verma, 2005, p.11). It is important to focus on hard work and think positively about oneself. The idea is to out the maximum effort in what the person wants to achieve and not to give up easily. It is also important to create better impression on others which in turn encourages them to help him (Rinke, n.d.). Improvement Area 3Â   Self Concept Self concept is based on self evaluation. It is important that the individual makes his self assessment correctly in order to develop self

What is the Effect of Video Games on Society?

What is the Effect of Video Games on Society? Is playing video games great or terrible? It might be both. Video games are scowled upon by parents as time-wasters, and more regrettable, some training specialists imagine that these diversions degenerate the cerebrum. Violent video games are effectively faulted by the media and a few specialists as the motivation behind why some youngsters get vicious or submit compelling against social conduct. But numerous researchers and therapists find that video games can really have numerous profits – the principle one is making children keen. Video games might really show kids large amount of thinking aptitudes that they will require later in their lives. Video games change your brain, according to University of Wisconsin psychologist C. Shawn Green. Playing video games change the brain’s physical structure the same way as do learning to read, playing the piano, or navigating using a map. Much like activity can fabricate muscle, the effective synthesis of fixation and compensating surges of neurotransmitters like dopamine reinforce neural circuits that can build the brain. Below are the good and bad effects of video games, according to researchers and child experts: Positive Effects of Video Games When a person plays video games, it gives the persons brain a real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at school. Some of the mental skills enhanced by video games include: -Following instructions -Problem solving and logic When kids play games such as The Incredible Machine, Angry Birds or Cut The Rope, they train their brain to come up with creative ways to solve puzzles and other problems in short bursts Hand-eye coordination, fine motor and spatial skills In shooting games, the character may be running and shooting at the same time. This requires the real-world player to keep track of the position of the character, where he/she is heading, their speed, where the gun is aiming, if the gunfire is hitting the enemy, and so on. All these factors need to be taken into account, and then the player must then coordinate the brains interpretation and reaction with the movement in their hands and fingertips. This process requires a great deal of eye-hand coordination and visual-spatial ability to be successful. Research also suggests that people can learn iconic, spatial, and visual attention skills from video games. There have been even studies with adults showing that experience with video games is related to better surgical skills. Also, a reason given by experts as to why fighter pilots of today are more skillful is that this generation’s pilots are being weaned on video games. Planning, resource management and logistics The player learns to manage resources that are limited, and decide the best use of resources, the same way as in real life. This skill is honed in strategy games such as SimCity, Age of Empires, and Railroad Tycoon. Notably, The American Planning Association, the trade association of urban planners and Maxis, the game creator, have claimed that SimCity has inspired a lot of its players to take a career in urban planning and architecture. Multitasking, simultaneous tracking of many shifting variables and managing multiple objectives In strategy games, for instance, while developing a city, an unexpected surprise like an enemy might emerge. This forces the player to be flexible and quickly change tactics. Quick thinking, making fast analysis and decisions. S ometimes the player does this almost every second of the game giving the brain a real workout. According to researchers at the University of Rochester, led by Daphne Bavelier, a cognitive scientist, games simulating stressful events such as those found in battle or action games could be a training tool for real-world situations. The study suggests that playing action video games primes the brain to make quick decisions. Video games can be used to train soldiers and surgeons, according to the study. Importantly, decisions made by action-packed video game players are no less accurate. According to  Bavelier, Action game players make more correct decisions per unit time. If you are a surgeon or you are in the middle of a battlefield, that can make all the difference. Accuracy Action games, according to a  study by the University of Rochester, train the brains of players to make faster decisions without losing accuracy. In today’s world, it is important to move quickly without sacrificing accuracy. Strategy and anticipation Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad is Good For You: How Todays Popular Culture is Actually Making Us Smarter, calls this telescoping. Gamers must deal with immediate problems while keeping their long-term goals on their horizon. Situational awareness Defense News reported that the Army include video games to train soldiers improve their situational awareness in combat. Many strategy games also require players to become mindful of sudden situational changes in the game and adapt accordingly. Developing reading and math skills Young gamers force themselves to read to get instructions, follow storylines of games, and get information from the game texts. Also, using math skills is important to win in many games that involves quantitative analysis like managing resources. Perseverance In higher levels of a game, players usually fail the first time around, but they keep on trying until they succeed and move on to the next level. Pattern recognition Games have internal logic in them, and players figure it out by recognizing patterns. Estimating skills Inductive reasoning and hypothesis testing   James Paul Gee, professor of education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says that playing a video game is similar to working through a science problem. Like students in a laboratory, gamers must come up with a hypothesis. For example, players in some games constantly try out combinations of weapons and powers to use to defeat an enemy. If one does not work, they change hypothesis and try the next one. Video games are goal-driven experiences, says Gee, which are fundamental to learning. Mapping Gamers use in-game maps or build maps on their heads to navigate around virtual worlds. Memory   Playing first person shooter games such as Call of Duty and Battlefield series enables players to effectively judge what information should be stored in their working memory and what can be discarded considering the task at hand, according to a study published in the Psychological Research. Concentration   A study conducted by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory reveal that children with attention-deficit disorder who played Dance Dance Revolution improve their reading scores by helping them concentrate. Improved ability to rapidly and accurately recognize visual information A study from Beth Israel Medical Center NY, found a direct link between skill at video gaming and skill at keyhole, or laparoscopic, surgery. Taking risks Winning in any game involves a players courage to take risks. Most games do not reward players who play safely. Teamwork and cooperation when played with others Many multiplayer games such as Team Fortress 2 involve cooperation with other online players in order to win. These games encourage players to make the most of their individual skills to contribute to the team. According to a survey by Joan Ganz Cooney Center, teachers report that their students become better collaborators after using digital games in the classroom. Management Management simulation games such as Rollercoaster Tycoon and Zoo tycoon teach players to make management decisions and manage the effective use of finite resources. Other games such as Age of Empires and Civilization even simulate managing the course of a civilization. -Simulation, real world skills The most well known simulations are flight simulators, which attempt to mimic the reality of flying a plane. All of the controls, including airspeed, wing angles, altimeter, and so on, are displayed for the player, as well as a visual representation of the world, and are updated in real time. -Video games help children with dyslexia read faster and with better accuracy, according to a study by the journalCurrent Biology. In addition, Spatial and temporal attention also improved during action video game training. Attentional improvement can directly translate into better reading abilities. Release of Aggression and Frustration. Violent video games may act as a release of pent-up aggression and frustration. When a person vents his frustration and anger in his game, this diffuses his stress. Games can provide a positive aggression outlet the same way as football and other violent sports. -A 2013 study by the Berlin’s Max Planck Institute for Human Development and St. Hedwig-Hospital found a significant gray matter increase in the right hippocampus, the right prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum of those who played Super Mario 64 for 30 minutes a day over two months. These regions of the brain are crucial for spatial navigation, strategic planning, working memory and motor performance. Indeed, the increased gray matter in these parts of the brain is positively correlated with better memory. Decreased gray matter is correlated with bipolar disorder and dementia. Whats also striking is that those who enjoyed playing the game has a more pronounced gain in gray matter volume. Thestudysuggests that video game training could be used to counteract known risk factors for smaller hippocampus and prefrontal cortex volume in, for example, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disease. Negative Effects of Video Games Most of the bad effects of video games are blamed on the violence they contain. Children who play more violent video games are more likely to have increased aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and decreased prosocial helping, according to a scientific study (Anderson Bushman, 2001). The effect of video game violence in kids is worsened by the games’ interactive nature. In many games, kids are rewarded for being more violent. The act of violence is done repeatedly. The child is in control of the violence and experiences the violence in his own eyes (killings, kicking, stabbing and shooting). This active participation, repetition and reward are effective tools for learning behavior. Indeed, many studies seem to indicate that violent video games may be related to aggressive behavior (such as Anderson Dill, 2000; Gentile, Lynch Walsh, 2004). However, the evidence is not consistent and this issue is far from settled. Many experts including Henry Jenkins of Massachusett s Institute of Technology have noted that there is a decreased rate of juvenile crime whch coincides with the popularity of games such as Death Race, Mortal Kombat, Doom and Grand Theft auto. He concludes that teenage players are able to leave the emotional effects of the game behind when the game is over. Indeed there are cases of teenagers who commit violent crimes who also spend great amount of time playing video games such as those involved in the Columbine and Newport cases. It appears that there will always be violent people, and it just so happen that many of them also enjoy playing violent video games. Too much video game playing makes your kid socially isolated. Also, he may spend less time in other activities such as doing homework, reading, sports, and interacting with the family and friends. Some video games teach kids the wrong values. Violent behavior, vengeance and aggression are rewarded. Negotiating and other nonviolent solutions are often not options. Women are often portrayed as weaker characters that are helpless or sexually provocative. Games can confuse reality and fantasy. Academic achievement may be negatively related to over-all time spent playing video games. Studies have shown that the more time a kid spends playing video games, the poorer is his performance in school. (Anderson Dill, 2000; Gentile, Lynch Walsh, 2004). A study by Argosy Universitys Minnesota School on Professional Psychology found that video game addicts argue a lot with their teachers, fight a lot with their friends, and score lower grades than others who play video games less often. Other studies show that many game players routinely skip their homework to play games, and many students admitted that their video game habits are often responsible for poor school grades. Although some studies suggest that playing video games enhances a child’s concentration, other studies, such as a 2012 paper published inPsychology of Popular Media Culture, have found that games can hurt and help childrens attention issues — improving the ability to concentrate in short bursts but damaging long-term concentration. Video games may also have bad effects on some children’s health, including obesity, video-induced seizures. and postural, muscular and skeletal disorders, such as tendonitis, nerve compression, carpal tunnel syndrome. When playing online, your kid can pick up bad language and behavior from other people, and may make your kid vulnerable to online dangers. A study by the Minneapolis-based National Institute for Media and the Family suggests that video games can be addictive for kids, and that the kids addiction to video games increases their depression and anxiety levels. Addicted kids also exhibit social phobias. Not surprisingly, kids addicted to video games see their school performance suffer. Kids spending too much time playing video games may exhibit impulsive behavior and have attention problems. This is according to a new study published in the February 2012 issue of the Journal of Psychology and Popular Media Culture. For the study, attention problems were defined as difficulty engaging in or sustaining behavior to reach a goal. When Im talking to people about why video games matter, I like to quote one of Woody Allens finest pieces of advice: Eighty percent of life is showing up. More than almost anything else, showing up matters. You cant find your talent for football if you never touch a ball. You cant make friends if you avoid other people. You cant get the job if you dont apply. Youll never write that screenplay if you dont start typing. Games are about everyone showing up. In classrooms full of students who range from brilliant to sullen disaffection, its games and often games alone that Ive seen engage every single person in the room. For some, the right kind of play can spell the difference between becoming part of something, and the lifelong feeling that theyre not meant to take part. Why is this? Video games are a special kind of play, but at root theyre about the same things as other games: embracing particular rules and restrictions in order to develop skills and experience rewards. When a game is well-designed, its the balance between these factors that engages people on a fundamental level. Play precedes civilization. It spans continents and generations. Its how we naturally learn the most basic mechanical and social skills and how, at its best, we can build a safe space for discovering more about ourselves. During her talk, Jane McGonigal discusses the top five regrets that people express at the end of their lives. People dont long for money, status or marble monuments. They wish theyd worked less hard, been better at staying in touch with friends, and more fully expressed their hopes and true selves. They wish they had shown up for more of the stuff that truly matters and one of the things that games like Janes do is create structures and incentives to help people focus on these things while they still have time. Some people are suspicious of any attempt to manufacture this kind of experience and I can understand why. Ispokeat TED Global 2010 about the ways that video games engage the brain, and in particular the idea of reward structures: how a challenge or task can be broken down and presented to make it as engaging as possible. This can seem a slightly sinister idea: a manipulation that replaces genuine experience with boxes to tick and hoops to jump through. At worst, you end up with a jumble of badges and achievements dumped on top of a task in a misguided effort to make it fun. From exam grading to health education to professional training to democratic participation, paths towards self-realization and success in the world are often daunting and obscure: journeys only the privileged feel confident setting off along. Tom Chatfield Yet the best games and the lessons to be learned from them are far more than this. The world is already full of systems aimed at measuring, motivating and engaging us. And most of them are, by the standards of great games, simply not good enough. From exam grading to health education to professional training to democratic participation, paths towards self-realization and success in the world are often daunting and obscure: journeys only the privileged feel confident setting off along. If theres one lesson we should take from games, its that we can make this first step vastly easier and more accessible and can, given sufficient care, prompt people of all backgrounds and abilities towards richer living. This isnt to say that its easy, obvious, or that games embody any royal road towards contentment. What modernitys potent mix of play and technology does offer, though, is an unprecedented opportunity to know ourselves better and, in doing so, to master our regrets before they become our destinies.

The Works of Henry David Thoreau Essay -- Transcendentalism Thoreau

The works of Henry David Thoreau clearly show his belief in transcendentalism. The dictionary defines transcendentalism as any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material. "Walden", a story that describes Thoreau's experiences while living on Walden Pond, emphasizes the importance of individuality and self-reliance. Thoreau's essay, "Civil Disobedience", advocates the importance of prioritizing one's principles over the laws of the government. It also criticizes the American social institutions and polices. In both literary works, Thoreau incorporates multiple illustrations of transcendentalism. The story of "Walden" begins with the narrator explaining that during his two year stay at Walden Pond he was spiritually enriched. Walden Pond provided the narrator with the opportunity to view society from the outside and observe that most men lead their lives in desperation. Thoreau believed that men wasted their lives by chasing after material possessions. He sensed that this behavior caused people to focus their attention on labor, losing inner freedom. Thoreau illustrates this point by saying farming has become another dehumanizing way to accumulate wealth. Thoreau discovers through his own "economy" what is really necessary to live a fulfilled life. For example: He builds a cabin, for the cost of $28. 12 by selling the beans he grew. By working odd jobs, he is able to make a profit of $8.71. Hence, he is able to support himself with very little work and still has time for personal reflection. Thoreau's transcendentalist beliefs are continually reflected in his writings. "When one has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact of his understanding, I foresee t... ... He feels that the government gets its viewpoint on important issues from a majority of like minded people, who are not concerned with doing what is best or what is right. According to Thoreau, the system is set up so that the majority rules. Thoreau disagrees with this view, he feels that a person has the obligation to do what he or she feels is right, instead of what is dictated to them by the system of government. He presents his own experiences as a model on how to relate to an unjust government. For example Thoreau spends a night in jail, after he refused to pay taxes in protest against slavery. He feels this allows him to be dissociated from the government, "washing his hands" of it. Throughout the article Thoreau says that it is more important to develop a respect for the right, rather than a respect for law, for people's obligations are to do what is right.

Concept of HRD Essay

‘Dhanesh â€Å" Auto Inc. has been a major global manufacturer of automotive product. In December 2002, Lumax Industries acquired it. Headlight, side indicator and brakelight are among their leading products. One of the challenges that both the former Dhanesh Auto Inc. and the present Lumax Industries have faced is the fact that over half of their employees not regional employees. Lumax Industries executives recognised that there was a need for more company leaders with global expertise, as Lumax Industries then became a publicly traded company in February 2004. They wanted executives with expertise concerning issues in more than one country. They also wanted leaders who could help promote a â€Å"Seamless† organization, that is, an organization that had fewer boundaries between functions, business units – and countries. Dhanesh auto had already established an executive development program that it called the Business Leadership Program (BLP). This program was aimed at developing the top one percent of â€Å"promotable† employees. The BLP addressed issues such as global strategy, leadership style and behaviour, culture and organization capabilities. The program used various techniques during the formal training portion, including lectures, discussions, individual projects, case studies, and team building interactions. There was also an â€Å"action learning† module, where trainees worked on actual issues that the company was currently facing. Approximately thirty-five people at a time went through the BLP process. An assessment made by Lumax senior managers was that, in general, Lumax management did not have the level of global competency that was required to manage their increasingly global corporation. In particular, the company’s succession planning process had identified a sufficient gap between the global skills required and those possessed by their top managers. This led them to refocus their Global Leadership Program (GLP). This was also connected to their performance appraisal, professional development, and succession managerial management process. Questions: If you were part of the leadership development team at Lumax, what type of global issues would you like to see emphasised in the new GLP? What types of training methods do you; think might be appropriate for training top managers and executives? Why? Are there other things that you would include in addition to formal training? Increasingly more importance is given to â€Å"people† in organizations. This is mainly because organizations are realising of all assets. This emphasis can also be partly attributed to the new emerging values of humanism and humanisation. Moreover with the increased emphasis on creativity, and autonomy, which people are increasingly acquiring and enjoying in the society, the expectations of people are fast changing. People cannot be taken for granted any more. If you said â€Å"yes† to any of the above questions, you have been involved in some form of human resource development†. Organisation of all types and sizes, including schools, retail stores, government agneices, restaurants, and manufacturesrs have al least one thing in common: they must employ competent and motivated workers. The concept of HRD was formally introduced by Leonard Nodler in 1969 in a conference organised by the American Scoiety for Taining and Development. Leonard Nodler defined HRD as, â€Å"those learning experiences which are organised, for a specific time, and designed to bring about the possibility of behavioural changes†. Definitions: A comprehensive definition of a term provide clear understanding and scope of the subject. HRD’s main concern is the development of skill and abilities, knowledge and competencies of employees/ people. 1. According to TV Rao: A process by which the employees of an organisation are helped in a continuous planned way to: i)acquire and sharpen capabilities required to perform various functions associated with their present or expected future roles. ii)develop their general capabilities as individual and discover and exploit their own potentials for OD. iii)development an organisation culture. In HRD employees of an organisation are helped / motivated to acquire knowledge and competencies. 2. According to TN Chabbra: HRD is a continuous process to ensure the development of employee competencies, dynamics, motivation and effectiveness in a systematic and planned ways†. 3. According to Jon M. Werner: HRD can be defined as a set of systematic and planned activities designed by an organisation to provide its members with the opportunities to learn necessary skills to meet current and future job demands. 4. According to Jennifer Joy and David Megginson: HRD is the term we use to describe an integrated and holistic, conscious and proactive approach to changing work-related knowledge and behaviour, using a range of learning strategies and techniques. HRD activities should begin when an employee joins an organsiation and continue throughout his or her career, regardless of whether that employee is an exceutive or a worker on an assembly line, HRD programs must respond to job changes and integrate the long-term plans and strategies of the organisation to ensure the efficient and effective use of resources. Features of HRD On the basis of the above definitions, important featues of HRD may be summarised thus: a.HRD is a system: It is a system having several interdependent parts or subsystems such as procurement, appraisal, development etc. Change in any one subsystem leads to changes in other parts. For example, if there is a change in the promotion policy where seniority is replaced with merit, the chain reactions on affected individuals, unions shall have to be assessed – keeping the difficulties in framing acceptable guidelines regarding ‘merit’ in mind. b.HRD is a planned process: It is a planned and systematic way of developing people. Further, it is undertaken on a continuous basis. Learning, as we all know, is a life-long process and goes on and on. c.HRD involves development of competencies: Basically it tries to develop competencies at four levels. At the individual level, employees are made to realise the importance of playing their roles in tune with overall goals and expecitations of other people (regarding such roles). By enriching and redesigning jobs, the roles of employees are made more meaningful and interesting. At the interpersonal level, more stress is laid on developing relationships based on trust, confidence and help. At the group level, task forces, cross functional teams are created to cement inter-group realtions. At the organisational level, the organisation is made to nurture a ‘development climate’, where every effort is made to harnes human potential while meeting organisational goals. d.HRD is an interdisciplinary concept: HRD is an amalgamation of various ideas concepts, principles and practices drawn from a number of soft sciences. e. Learning is at the core of all HRD efforts. Four agents of development: (i) The person or role (ii) the immediate boss of the person (Dyad) (iii) HR Department (Group) (iv) the organisation. There are many strands to HRD, e.g., Personal developemnt; development for a current job on situation; development in or for new work settings; activites through which individual and organisational goals may be reconciled; and development leading to a better, fuller life for individuals, organisations and wider communities. In a way broad sense HRD may also be seen as ‘the capacity to incorporate learning into behaviour’. ACTIVITY: CREATE YOUR OWN DEFINITION OF HRD Take a few moments to think about your own position and scope for HRD by defining what HRD means to you. Start by writing ‘Human Resource Development’ in the centre of a landscape page, draw ten radiating lines and attach to each one a key word or short phrase you associate with the words in the centre. It can be illuminating to compare your own result with that of colleagues. What proportion you think you will have in common? _________________________________________________________________ HRD Goals and Beliefs The goal of HRD system is to develop: †¢the capabilities of each employee as an individual; †¢the capabilities of each individual in relation to his or her present role; †¢the capabilities of each employee in relation to his or her expected future role(s). †¢the dyadic relationship between each employee and his or her employer; †¢the team spirit and functioning in every organisational unit; †¢collaboration among different units of the organization; †¢the organization’s overall health and self-renewing capabilities, which in turn, increase the enabling capabilities of individuals, dyads, teams and the entire organization. The basic philosophy of HRD is based on certain beliefs. BELIEFS Human beings are capable of enlargement. Even ordinary mortals can produce extraordinary results. Common men can do uncommon things. Trust them, give them a chance and leave them on their own, with occasional help wherever needed. They not only grow but also help the organization realise its goals and progress. There will be amazing improvements in production, productivity and quality. †¢Human resources are the most important assets in the organization. †¢Human resources can be developed to an unlimited extent. Two plus two could be five, six or ten. †¢A healthy organisational climate (openness, trust, collaboration) is essential for developing human resources. †¢HRD can be planned and implemented to benefit both individuals and organizations. †¢ If the organization is able to inculcate a spirit of ‘belongingness’ in its employees, they will be more loyal and committed. †¢To ensure this healthy feeling, the organization has to provide for their basic as well as higher order needs through appropriate management styles and systems. †¢The commitment of employee increases when he / she is able to find opportunities to use his / her potential while at work. †¢The managers must clear the paths, create a development climate and help employees realise their full potential. †¢The higher the level of the manager the more attention should be paid to the HRD function in order to ensure its effectiveness. †¢The maintenance of a healthy working climate and the development of its human resources are the responsibilities of every organization. Why HRD HRD is needed by any organization that wants to grow continuously in the fast changing environment organizations can scale new heights only through the effective and efficient use of human resources. Appropriate personnel policies help maintain employee motivation and morale at a high level, but this alone may not help the organization achieve success and venture into new fields. To this end, employee capabilities must be continually trained, developed and expanded. The employees must be encouraged to take risks, experiment, innovate and make things happen in an atmosphere of mutual trust, goodwill and cooperation. â€Å"People need competencies to perform tasks. Higher degree and quality of performance of tasks requires higher levels or degrees of skills. Without continuous development of competencies in people, an organization is not likely to achieve its goals. Competent and motivated employees are essential for organizational survival, growth and excellence†. BENEFITS OF HRD 1.HRD improves the capabilities of people. They become innovative and enterprising-ever eager to take the risk and get ahead. It improves the all round growth of an employee. Feedback and guidance from superiors help employees grow continually and show superior performance. 2. HRD improves team work. Employees become more open and trust each other. The organizational climate too, improves a lot. 3.HRD leads to greater organizational effectiveness. Appropriate employee-centred policies help the organization achieve the goals more efficiently. 4.Performance related rewards help employees realize the importance of utilizing their skills fully in the service of organizational goals. The organization’s overall health and self-renewing capabilities, too, improve quite significantly. HRD MATRIX The HRD matrix shows the interrelationships between HRD instruments, processes, outcomes and organizational effectiveness. a.HRD instruments: These include performance appraisal, counselling, role analysis, potential development, training, communication policies, job rotations, rewards, job enrichment programmes, etc. These instruments may vary depending on the size of the organization, the internal environment, the support and the commitment of the top management, the competitive policies, etc. b.HRD process: The HRD instruments led to the generation of HRD of processes like role clarity, performance planning, development climate, risk-taking, and dynamism in employees. Such HRD processes should result in more competent, satisfied and committed people that would make the organization grow by contributing their best to it. c.HRD outcomes: HRD instruments and processes make people more c ommitted and satisfied, where they tend to give their best to the organization enthusiastically. d. Organizational effectiveness: Dimensions: such HRD outcomes influence the organizational effectiveness, which in turn, depends on a number of variables like environment, technology, competitors, etc.

Mock Interview using Face

Mock Interview using Face The data collection techniques used by a researcher are important in any research process since they primarily determine the validity and reliability of the study findings. There exists a wide range of data collection techniques that can be used by social scientists to collect primary data in key research areas (Wilson Sapsford, 2006, p. 93).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mock Interview using Face-to-Face Interview Technique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the most commonly used data collection techniques include questionnaires, interviews, participant observations, focus groups and case studies. This paper evaluates how face-to-face interview technique can be used to gather the requisite information needed to answer key research questions in the broad area of same-sex marriages and civil unions. My primary area of interest would be to understand the social and psychological problems experienced by childr en reared by homosexual parents. It should be noted that all techniques of data collection involves some extent of structure (Wilson Sapsford, 2006, p. 93). Accordingly, the interview would be highly structured to avoid any chance of departing from the key issues during the interview process. A face-to-face interview technique that utilizes an interview schedule to lead the process will best suit the selected research area. Here, a standard interview schedule will be used for each respondent in the sample, in which the interview questions will have the same wording and will be asked in the same order. Due to the age of the respondents to be included in the study, this technique is viewed as appropriate since it will give the researcher an opportunity to guide the respondents by using prompts. More often than not, respondents deviate from the laid down procedures of the interview to give their own accounts or experiences that may not be easily categorized (Wilson Sapsford, 2006, p. 94). In such scenarios, this technique will allow the researcher to use prompts to ask for clarifications and other subsidiary information. This way, the technique also guarantees quality of data. The researcher would speak to two sets of children who must be 12 years or older to enable them comprehend the weighty matters that will be asked during the interview process. The first set will consist of children reared by homosexual parents while the second set will generally encompass children from straight families. The two sets will greatly assist the researcher in undertaking a correlational analysis with the objective of unearthing how a particular type of marriage influences the social, psychological and social beliefs of children brought up in these particular marriages.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To unearth these influences the researcher will have to p ose questions that borders on the children’s value systems; attitudes about their parents; perceptions about the type of marriage their would prefer; how the marital relationships of their parents affects their class work and social life; any form of abuses arising from the parents; and their religious perceptions on the type of marriages entered into by their respective parents. The researcher should take some notes during the interview process based on the interview schedule to avoid any form of bias. The researcher should ensure that all the responses are categorized according to previously designed response categories to ensure that all information is recorded in an accurate manner (Wilson Sapsford, 2006, p. 94). Recording the responses in previously designed categories will also minimize the chances for the interview process to slide towards an agenda of attention which is decided by the participants rather than the researcher. The researcher may also tape-record the in terview process to guard against any loss of critical information. The face-to-face interview technique enhances a much faster comparative analysis on each interview item while the prompts utilized in the interview process offers the researcher an opportunity to discover new information previously unknown to him or her (Wilson Sapsford, 2006, p. 96). Due to the tender age of participants, this particular data collection technique will also give the researcher the ability to adapt the questions as necessary, illuminate any doubt, and make sure that the participants understands the questions in the right context. However, the researcher will have to use vast financial resources and a lot of time to get to the participants due to geographical limitations. In face-to-face interviews, the researcher’s bias in terms of how the questions are asked and how responses are interpreted may also present some challenges. Various issues can be learned from the interview process. First, it can be discerned that face-to-face interview technique can be effectively used to study the perceptions, attitudes, values, and behaviours of a selected sample especially when it is used in conjunction with an interview schedule. In this perspective, it can be effectively used in qualitative studies for purposes of collecting data.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mock Interview using Face-to-Face Interview Technique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, the fact that the researcher must undergo a lot of training to minimize interviewer bias has also been brought into the fore. Third, this paper shows that it is perfectly acceptable to use several data recording techniques for purposes of enhancing data credibility. Reference List Wilson, M., Sapsford, R. (2006). â€Å"Asking Questions.† In R. Sapsford V. Jupps (Eds),  Data Collection and Analysis. SAGE. ISBN: 9780761943631

Marriage Essay Example

Marriage Essay Example Marriage Essay Marriage Essay Do not Judge, or you to will be Judged. 1. How have you frequently heard this verse used in Christian circles? Consider example from sermons, Bible studies, blobs, and your own personal use of the verse. I have been in small groups within my Church that have often seen other people who are involved in repeated acts of sin, yet our small group has often turned away from getting Involved in helping this person in sin. My small group has referred to this scripture on more than one occasion as the reason of not addressing another embers sin. While I did not necessarily agree with this belief I chose to go along with it. By choosing to go along with this belief it began to become reality in my life, and I began to believe it more. The culture we now live in has a tendency to promote accountability and responsibility. 2. How should this verse be properly understood according to the author of The Most Misused Verses in the Bible? When I have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and am allowing Gods spirit to ark within me, I do not approach another persons sin with pride or hypocritical judgment. I am going to help my fellow Christian out of love and compassion. I will feel compelled to reach out to this fellow Christian to help him and by doing so I may save him from death and cover over a multitude of sins. When I go to my fellow Christian in this matter I am not Judging him as the scripture above Indicates, therefore, I am not going to be Judged by God. 3. Based on Barbershops conclusion, how does this verse provide hope, encouragement, or support to the modern reader? First we have to remember that all scripture Is God breathed and that It never contradicts Itself. We can take this scripture and all other related scripture and put It Into context. This verse gives us hope because we have scripture to turn that says we are created In the Image of God and therefore should help our fellow Christians. We do not use do not Judge as a way of not helping our fellow friend who may be In sin. We use It as a way to approach our fellow Christian who Is In Sin. We do not approach him In a prideful or hypocritical manner. We approach are fellow Charlatans out of love and compassion and we help them. We address their sin with them and help them on the right path. Notes [1] Eric Bargainers, The Most Misused Verses In the Bible: Surprising Ways Gods Word Is Misunderstood (Minneapolis, Milne: Botany House, marriage By connection Christian in this matter I am not Judging him as the scripture above indicates, First we have to remember that all scripture is God breathed and that it never contradicts itself. We can take this scripture and all other related scripture and put it into context. This verse gives us hope because we have scripture to turn that says we are created in the image of God and therefore should help our fellow Christians. We do not use do not Judge as a way of not helping our fellow friend who may be in sin. We use it as a way to approach our fellow Christian who is in Sin. We do not approach him in a prideful or hypocritical manner. We approach are fellow Christian in the Bible: Surprising Ways Gods Word Is Misunderstood

Logistics management assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Logistics management assignment - Essay Example The fruit juices remained a regional delicacy and were served at costlier establishments or meant for special occasions. During the second half of the twentieth century interest in fruit juices revived mainly due to factors that they too became available in better packaging, competitively priced, a far greater variety for all tastes and above all was considered healthier especially by people engaged in sports. Diet consciousness grew among the general population and the youth among them considered this as an essential supplement for nutrients they needed for energy needs of the fast pace of life and the rigours of exercise. The one factor that packaged fruit juices lagged behind in was its relatively smaller shelf life. Further this was what is known as the Ambient variety that could be stored, displayed and sold off the ordinary shelf. In such conditions the taste would normally change over a period of time as it was exposed to vagaries of weather and temperature. To overcome this factor the concept of Chilled Juices was introduced. This involved different production and packaging techniques that added to the shelf life as well as preserved the taste of the product for a much longer time. Although this did not yet match the longer shelf life of the cola’s, yet it was a vast improvement and an inducement for its sale. The worldwide popularity of the cola’s and similarly packaged carbonated drinks was not just the low price and the packaging; it was the easy availability of the product almost any where in the world. Since cola’s were mass produced and mass consumed it was possible to set up plants across the globe to make them available closer to their respective markets. The main ingredients were the cola concentrates that could be mass produced at the mother plant and shipped across to subsidiaries to be converted into the carbonated drinks. The logistics over smaller area around each plant was possible through local transportation. The trucks

Fair Value of Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fair Value of Accounting - Research Paper Example Fair value accounting has cemented its place really well in the world of accounting on the grounds that it gives more relevant information to users. This method is a realistic approach that gives the actual worth of an entity. According to Patricia McConnell1, fair value accounting method requires the preparers of financial statements to adjust them according to the fair values. This requirement helps the investors to make a better analysis of financial statements. The primary objective of financial statement analysis is the comparative measure of risk and return. General purpose financial statements do not provide the required data for this comparative analysis without significant adjustments. A clearer picture of financial statements provides the investors with a chance to make good decisions. â€Å"†¦fair value accounting method gives fair value estimates and discloses a range of possible outcomes which may help a sophisticated investor but at the same may plague the unsophisticated investor with ambiguity and information overload.† Fair value’s biggest drawback, and the major reason of its opposition, is the lack of reliability. It is because unless an asset is exchangeable in an arm’s length transaction, its value would always be an estimate. According to a study by Avinash, Arvi & Alan Reinstein3, critics have argued that fair value accounting method aggravated the recent crisis by requiring significant write-down of assets and hence resulting in sharp decreases in regulatory capital of banks and other financial institutions. Fair values tend to fluctuate vastly in a short period at times. According to Michael Power4, there are many arguments against the fair value accounting method but they don’t automatically become arguments in favor of historical cost accounting method. The definition of fair value shows that it is the amount which might be obtained in a market. Various commentators have argued about